Chop the cauliflower into evenly sized florets to ensure uniform cooking.
In a mixing bowl, blend the flour, water, garlic powder, onion powder, smoked paprika, salt, and black pepper until the mixture is smooth and thick enough to cling to the cauliflower.
Dip each cauliflower floret into the batter, coating it fully, and lightly shake off excess before air frying.
Heat your air fryer to 375°F (190°C) and lightly grease the basket with cooking spray.
Arrange the coated cauliflower in a single layer inside the basket, avoiding overcrowding; cook in batches if needed.
Cook the cauliflower for 12-15 minutes, gently tossing or shaking the basket halfway to promote even crisping.
Combine the buffalo sauce with melted butter in a bowl to prepare the sauce.
Once the cauliflower is crispy and golden, transfer it to a large bowl and toss with the buffalo sauce until every piece is well coated.
Serve immediately with your preferred dipping sauces such as ranch or blue cheese, accompanied by celery sticks for a classic touch.