Heat olive oil in a large pot or Dutch oven over high heat.
Add the ground beef, chopped onion, kosher salt, and black pepper; cook while breaking the beef apart until it is nicely browned, about 6 to 8 minutes.
Pour in the tomato sauce and beef broth, then add the chopped cabbage, sliced carrots, sliced celery, and canned diced tomatoes; stir everything together thoroughly.
Allow the mixture to come to a rolling boil, then lower the heat to a simmer and cook uncovered for 20 minutes until the cabbage and carrots soften tender.